Improvement in fubnaoe and fibe-place geates



i @with mu stut @Hina IMPROVEMENT IN FURNAGE AND FIRE-PLAGE GRATES.

t'lgt dgbfih referrer tu in tlgcsc' etttr atitt mit making part nf tlg:sums.

TO ALL WI-IOM IT MAY CONCERN;

Bet known that I, GE'DRGE WARRINEIWL, of Little Ilford, in the county ofEssex, England, have invented certain new aud useful Improvements inFurnaces and Fire-Places; and I do hereby declare that the follow- .ingis a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, andthe letters of reference marked thereon. 1

' -The nature of my invention consists in a novel construction andarrangement of the parts of furnaces and {ire-places, whereby theconsumption of fuel is economized and the heat therein is renderedcapable ofveilicient control by means of peculiar arrangements ofair-supplying pipes or passages, with cut-ofiinechauism, (suchffwinstance, as stop-cocks,.taps, or valves,) enabling the operator toincrease, diminish, or shut off thesup'ply Vofair forkeepingupcombustion, as may be found desirable; air-proof sealing orclosurein respect of all other parts of such fire-places or furnaces,except those capable of control as aforesaid, being also resorted to, asmaybe needful, and whereby iniiamnable gases, (or such other iiuid oi'semi-fluid substances as are useful as fuel, or capable of auginentingthe heating powers ofthe fulfil, and capable of passage through pipes,tubes, or such like ducts,) may with facility be conveyed into thefurnace or fire-place in order to the increase of heating powers;whereby, lijkewise, steam may be conveyed intoV the furnace to condensethe smoke, and to secure more perfect combustion of the fuel; whereby,also, in the case of fire-places or furnaces provided with ovens, orsuch like cooking apparatus, food may be cooked in a, manner muchsuperior to that cookedin ordinary apparatus, such ovens being alsouseful heating or drying-chambers.

Description qf the Drawings. p Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of afurnace of a marine steam engine boiler withmy invention applied andadapted thereto; the furnace or tire-bars in this case being in shortlengths for convenience of removal when burnt awa-y;` the bearing barsfitting into slots in the' replace being easily taken away whenrequired.

Figure 2 is a transverse section of same arrangement. Figure 3 is anelevation, on an enlarged scale, of a re or furnace bar, supported upontwo bearing hairs. In this case the bearing bars differ somewhat fromthose shown in iig. 1, inrespect of s ome of the bearing bars shown atiig 1 having two air-passages through one bearing bar, as will be seenon inspection of the drawings.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the bearing bar. Figure 5 is a cross-sectionof a fire or furnace bar. Figure 6 is a cross-section of a bearing bar.Figure 'I'is a longitudinal section of'a furnace for a wagon'boiler,with steam, gas, or petroleum supply pipes, shown above the furnace. y

v Figure 8 is a transverse section of the said furnace.

vFigure 9 is o. front elevation thereof. Figure 10 is a front elevationof an oven, or cooking, heating, or drying-chamber, to which the furnaceor {ire-place improvements are applied.

Figure 11 is 'a transverse section of the same; and Figurell',longitudinal section of arrangements specially adapted for the 4furnacesof what are cpmmonly designated Cornish boilers. j

Like letters refer to corresponding parts in the several figures. i Toenabloothers skilled in the art to make and use my invention, Iwillproceed to describe its'construction and operation. V v

Firstr I construct my {re or furnace bars, A., hollow, as shown bythedotted lines in figs. 1, 3, 7, and 12, and by the mark in figs. 2, 5, 8,and 11; and through these bars I'admit the air, steam, or gas to thefurnace to support combustion, they being connected with a hollowbearing bar or tube, as shown in the drawings at B in figs. 1, 3, 4, 6,7, and 12. In some cases, however, where it is desired to adapt myinvention to existing furnaces without removing the ordinary bars, Iplace tubes under such hars, and connect these tubes with `a. tube infront. These bars (or tubes running under the ordinary bars) areperforated with a number of small holes or slits, as shown by the smallcircles 9r` dots at figs'. I, 3, 7, and 12, and at X X, iig. 5, throughwhich the air, steam. or gas passes in subdivided streams into the lire.I consider it desirable that the furnace bars should be in the shape ofthe cross-section shown by the drawing, fig. 5, and that theperforations `or slits should be in a line at the side of the bar,ab'iut one-third of its depth from the top of thebar, and should slantdownwards, to prevent clicking by the ashes. IVith a view to insure thegreater durability ofthe furnace bars, I should prefer that they shouldbe constructed in part -of steel and in part of iron; that is to thebottom part of iron and the top, or fire surface 'of steel, the twoparts being united by suitable connections, such as hdve already. beenintroduced to public knowledge. As regards the practical,constructionefthese hollow bars, I prefer to have the ends of the lireLbars drop intothe orifices ir passages in the bearing bar, as shown by the drawings;but in some cases, where this is impr-noticable, any .other known methodof connection may be znloptedA The supply pipe or passage for air shouldbe screwed and tapped into one ofthe bearing bars. .I regulate thequantity of air. steam, .or gas to bc admitted by using :ithrottle-valve, or other valve, stop-cock, or tap., the same beingplaced in 'the air-supplying pipe or duet C, tige. l, 7, and I2, one endof which is 4to'be open to the external atmosphere, the other`endcpeniug into thc hollow hearing bar I, or into the aforesaid hollowtube in front of the furnace when the independent air-tube arrangementis adopted. With the yiew that no air maybe permitted to pass into thetire through any other opening than that controlled by the valve,stop-cock, or tap aforesaid, I place or construct under the bars aninverted hollow cone or pyramid, (see figs. l, 2, 7', and 1l, at DI132,) and connectthe saine in an air-tight manner with the bottom ofthefurnace. In some` cases a more airy excluding screen or apron', as at E,Hg. 2, will bc sufficient. The bottom di' such concor pyramid beingopen, I place water or other liquid as an air sealing in the ash-pitbeneath, thc water or other liquid being maintained by any ordinaryarrangement for supplyingl` water, as, for instance, a ball-cockarranged at such a level as to be above the bottoni edges ofthe saidhollow cone or pyramid, or the bottom edge'of the air-excluding screenor apron. I also use air-tight doors or covers (seo F, figs. l, 7, and1Q) for the ash-pit,- (G, figs. 1, 2, 7, 8,9, 11, and 12,) and in allcases I use air-tight doorspto the furnaces. In` caf-es where it isimpracticable to use the water sealing or desirable to dispense with it,it is obvious that care must particularly be taken to have all partsofthe furnaces air-tight. In places vwhere a sutlicient supply of air iswith diiicult-y obtained. to support combustion, such as Stoke-holes ofsteam vessels, mines, or other such like places, I would carry thesupply pipe to the furnace up to the open air, 4and by this means afurnace can with facility be kept burning'under water or below'thesurface of the earth, and in case of a Steamship, were the sea towash'mto the Stoke-hole', the fire would not be extinguished. When it isdesired to admit any inflammable gas, (such as carburetted hydrogengas,) in order to increase the heat, I pass the same through a tube ortubes placed ver or by the side of the tire, (as at H, figs. 7 and 8,)or underneath the fire, these tubesv having a number of holes in them,

Vinto which are inserted nipples made ef carthenware, stone, or, othersuitable mineral material. These tubes or pipes should, (near the pointof supply, or where it may be found most convenient,)'bc provided withstop-cocks o1' valves for the purpose of regulating the supply. The sametubes may also be used for the purpose of admitting petroleum or oy ersuch like infiammable substances into the furnace. Steam can also beinjected through these tubes over the fire to condense the smoke orother substances, to produce a vapor for use various branches ofmanufacture; as,.for instance, sulphuric acid to produce sulphurous gasfor bleaching, or pyroligueous acid for curing meat and fish. It isobvious that, when thought necessary, the gas or petroleum, or othersuch like inflammable substance, to be passed through any of these tubesor pipes, may be driven in by the action of a fan-or blower, or bypressure.

Second. In applying or adapting my improvements to furnaces orlire-places provided with ovensI or such like cooking apparatus, orheating or drying-chambers, besides (and with or without) thearrangements olf hollow fire bars and tubes hereinhefere described, AIalso empioy tubes or pipes tted of placed over or by the side of thetire, (sec I, iig. Il.) These tubes have an opening` to the lexternalair beyond 'the bounds of the furnace or fire-place, and a valve similarto the throttle-valve hercinbcforc described with reference to the tirebars. I should construct these tubes either as a Hat coil or a Zig-nagsystem of pipes br tubes, or arrangethem as a number of longitudinaltubes communicating with each other, or with two transverse tubes,having a communication with the external. air. There must also be anopening into the oven or cooking chamber, or otherlplace to be heated,topermit the heated air to pass into it. The more perfectly to heat theair in its passage through the tubes, I sometimes `lill them with piecesof iron or stoel, or iron or steelvshavings. The hot air going into theoven carbonizes the exterior of the meat in process ot' cooking, thusproducing osmazone,and impartingthc flavor peculiar' to roast meat.Figs. 10 and ll shew the exterior, andthe section, of a small ovenconstructed of iron or fire-clay, the tribes being marked and the ovenIi, the inlet for hot airinto theoven being marked IX. The exterior view(tig. l0) shows at I X the opening from the tubes to the external air;at C, the valve opening to the furnace bars; at M, the air-tight furnacedoors; and at N, the oven door. The features of the construction shownby thc accompanying drawings, and not'hereinbefore specifically referredto, are nct peculiar to my invention, asA will readily be perceived bythe practical man, hence I deem any particular mention of themunnecessary.y

Before concludingr 'this my specification of my invention, I wouldremark that it will be readily understood by anypracticalman, that,although I have shown by the drawings, and have herein referred t.o.,certain` specific forms and congurations of-details of the mechanism,being such as I prefer to use, and recommend to be used, yet couldsometimes vary suchform of details; andin.particular, I may state' thatthe -bearing bar shown as placed in front, might be placed at the sideor in any other position, accordingly as may be desired.

"What I claim as lny invention, .and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is

The inverted conc or pyramid, or the air-excluding screen or apron,scaled at the bottom by water or other liquid, as herein set forth. l

In combination with theubove, I also claim hollow furnace or tire barsor tubes in conjunction withsolid grate bars, connected with a hollowbearing bar or bars, whereby steam, air, or gas is introduced to supportcombustion, the introduction thereof being regulated byany convenient orsuitable means,substantially as herein specified.

-I also claim introducing'petroleum, or other 1such like inammahlesubstance or gases, through tubes over, or by the side of, 'orunderneath the fire, as hereinbefore stated.

I also claim the application or adaptation, in the` manner hereinbeforedescribed, of pipes or' txi'lies in furnacesor re-places, in immediatejuxtaposition with ovens or other cooking apparatus or heating-chambers2which pipes or tubes admit heated air into the oven or other chamberto-be heated. .i

GEORGE WARRINER.

Witnesses W. W. WYNN, l 1 GEORGE HASELTINE, International Patent OL'ca,8 Southampton Buz'lulz'ngs, Chancery Lane,.Lon don.

